The pianist Ivo Pogorelić and the violinist Stefan Milenković were internationally acclaimed classical music performers, while Jakov Gotovac was a prominent composer and a conductor. In order to give all employees the same access to decision-making, the basic organisations of associated labor were also applied to public services, including health and education. [50] The most developed republics, Croatia and Slovenia, rejected attempts to limit their autonomy as provided in the 1974 Constitution. In the mid-1960s, Yugoslavia lifted emigration restrictions and the number of emigrants increased rapidly, especially to West Germany. The Front formed a representative political body, the Anti-Fascist Council for the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ, AntifaÅ¡ističko Veće Narodnog Oslobođenja Jugoslavije). Communist officials Andrija Hebrang and Sreten Žujović supported the Soviet view. Bosnia and Herzegovina has submitted an application and Kosovo has not submitted an application but is recognized as a potential candidate for a possible future enlargement of the European Union. Simultaneously, on the club level, a multi-tier league system was established in 1945 with the First Federal League at the top of the pyramid. It consisted of the present day territories of Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia. Defining Balkan states is difficult for various geopolitical reasons, and Balkan boundaries have been the topic of much debate between scholars. His work was left incomplete as Yugoslavia broke apart in the 1990s. Search for . During the late 1970s and into the 1980s, their results were matched by heavyweight Slobodan Kačar. Your opinion can help us make it better. The Eastern European countries freed from Soviet domination but not part of the U.S.S.R. are Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania and Yugoslavia. Found inside – Page 7The eager role played by Benes himself in the League of Nations was part of this policy. The Little Entente of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Rumania was ... The Federal Assembly was composed entirely of Communist members. Question. "Statistični letopis 2011" [Statistical Yearbook 2011]. Skiers have been very successful in World Cup competitions and the Olympics (Bojan Križaj, Jure Franko, Boris Strel, Mateja Svet). The SFRY recognised "nations" (narodi) and "nationalities" (narodnosti) separately; the former included the constituent South Slavic peoples (Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Muslims (from 1971), Serbs and Slovenes), while the latter included other Slavic and non-Slavic ethnic groups such as Slovaks, Bulgarians, Rusyns and Czechs (Slavic); or Albanians, Hungarians, Romani, Turks, Romanians, Vlachs, Italians, and Germans (non-Slavic). This meant that the YPA would have to fire the first shot. [105][106] Yugoslavia was also the first non-Western European country to host a European Championship, UEFA Euro 1976.[107]. There were six republics in the federation: Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia. Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia* MILICA Z. BOOKMAN Economics Department, St Joseph's University Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia are among the several countries that have broken up in the last few years, largely as a result of the centrifugal forces associated with secessionist aspirations. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Of the three main Yugoslav languages, the Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian name for the state was identical, while Slovene slightly differed in capitalization and the spelling of the adjective "Socialist". People who identify with the former Yugoslav state may self-identify as Yugoslavs. For novices and gourmets, this unique cookbook offers a tempting variety of Central European recipes from the shores of the Danube River, bringing Old World flavor to today's dishes. The city council has been making steps to reopen the track, pictured then and now, since 2015. At this time, the concept of creating a Balkan Federation was being discussed between Yugoslavia, Albania, and Bulgaria. Josip Tito ruled Yugoslavia with an iron fist and crushed any nationalist movements that . With the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, efforts to transition into a confederation also failed; the two wealthiest republics, Croatia and Slovenia, seceded and gained some international recognition in 1991. Not likely to occur if Germany is still fighting in France 1941. Instead, there was a conception that the state was controlled the Czech part of the country and Slovakia had little self-rule or little federal interest (in 1990, 95 % of Slovaks rejected the claim that the Czechs considered them as equals). On the national team level, FPR/SFR Yugoslavia qualified for seven FIFA World Cups, the best result coming in 1962 in Chile with a 4th-place finish (equalizing the Kingdom of Yugoslavia achievement from 1930). Take a look at the beta version of dw.com. Despite their common origins, the socialist economy of Yugoslavia was much different from the economies of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European communist countries, especially after the Yugoslav–Soviet break-up of 1948. Ideology and particularly nationalism has been seen by many as the primary source of the break up of Yugoslavia. Official Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian), was divided into two similar variants, the Croatian (Western) variant and Serbian (Eastern) variant, with minor differences telling the two apart. Czechoslovakia has split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. National minorities used their own languages as well, with 506,000 speaking Hungarian (primarily in SAP Vojvodina), and 2,000,000 persons speaking Albanian in SR Serbia (primarily in SAP Kosovo), SR Macedonia and SR Montenegro. The Violent Dissolution of Yugoslavia: A Comparative Perspective, Foreign trade of Communist Czechoslovakia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovakia–Yugoslavia_relations&oldid=1046946891, Bosnia and Herzegovina–Czech Republic relations, Czech Republic–Serbia and Montenegro relations, Bosnia and Herzegovina–Slovakia relations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Infobox bilateral relations usage without maps, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 September 2021, at 06:35. Covering an area of 255,804 km2 (98,766 sq mi), the SFRY bordered the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, Austria and Hungary to the north, Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and Albania and Greece to the south. In 1971 the leadership of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, notably Miko Tripalo and Savka Dabčević-Kučar, allied with nationalist non-party groups, began a movement to increase the powers of the individual federated republics. [112] All states of the former Yugoslavia, with the exception of Kosovo, have subscribed to the Stabilisation and Association Process with the EU. During its existence it grew to become one of the leading airlines in Europe both by fleet and destinations. These were organized into enterprises which in turn associated into composite organizations of associated labor, which could be large companies or even whole-industry branches in a certain area. Both the SAPs possessed a vote on the Yugoslav Presidency in accordance to the 1974 constitution, and together with Montenegro and his own Serbia, MiloÅ¡ević now directly controlled four out of eight votes in the collective head-of-state by January 1990. Prominent traditional music artists were the award-winning Tanec ensemble, the Gypsy music performer Esma Redžepova and others. The United States began shipping weapons to Yugoslavia in 1951. During the war, the complex was abandoned and looted. Yugoslavia was united under a king until the Germans undermined their government and invaded. The section between Ljubljana and Zagreb was built by 54,000 volunteers in less than eight months in 1958.[89]. The causes for the collapse of the country have been associated with nationalism, ethnic conflict, economic difficulty, frustration with government bureaucracy, the influence of important figures in the country, and international politics. Both Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were creations of the post-1918 settlement. "The Referendum on Independence in Bosnia-Herzegovina: February 29 – March 1, 1992". The establishment of Yugoslavia took place in the region after the end of Ottoman rule. Carington's plan realized that Yugoslavia was in a state of dissolution and decided that each republic must accept the inevitable independence of the others, along with a promise to Serbian President MiloÅ¡ević that the European Union would ensure that Serbs outside of Serbia would be protected. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) changed its name at this time to the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ), becoming a federation of six republican Communist parties. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, the Yugoslav national team had always been a contender, but never quite managed to make the final step. Can you determine whether these locations would have been a part of Czechoslovakia (C) or Yugoslavia (Y)? [15] The conclusions, known as the Tito-Å ubaÅ¡ić Agreement, granted the King's recognition to the AVNOJ and the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (DFY) and provided for the establishment of a joint Yugoslav coalition government headed by Tito with Å ubaÅ¡ić as the foreign minister, with the AVNOJ confirmed as the provisional Yugoslav parliament. over Russia's cohesion in the early 1990s was fueled in part by comparisons to the three other communist federations that had existed in the late 1980s. Remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as Yugo-nostalgia. [96] [47] The suppression of nationalists by the state is believed to have had the effect of identifying nationalism as the primary alternative to communism itself and made it a strong underground movement. And Klaus and Meciar began their talks on the peaceful dissolution of the common state. On 20 March 1945, the Partisans launched their General Offensive in a drive to completely oust the Germans and the remaining collaborating forces. Indeed, voting was on a single list of People's Front candidates with provision for opposition votes to be cast in separate voting boxes, but this procedure made electors identifiable by OZNA agents. [58][59][60][61] He then began a campaign against the ruling communist elite of SR Serbia, demanding reductions in the autonomy of Kosovo and Vojvodina. On the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Zagreb Radio station, on 15 May 1956, the first television programme was broadcast. The country's military schools hosted activists from Swapo (Namibia) and the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa). Its fleet included most of the Western-built aircraft, and destinations included all 5 continents. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. The Yugoslav currency was the Yugoslav dinar. The population consisted of Czechs (51%), Slovaks (16%), Germans (22% . They were constitutionally defined as mutually equal in rights and duties within the federation. Yugoslavia and Poland shared the melody of its national anthem. Tito told the Czechoslovak leader that he was willing to fly to Prague to help him face the Soviets if he wanted. It was the pioneer highway in Central-Eastern Europe, and the main link between Central and Western Europe with South-Eastern Europe and Middle East. In 1968, it was built on the border between Croatia and Bosnia in complete secrecy by political prisoners who were forced to labor there. Czechoslovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia . Other political movements that joined the government included the "Napred" movement represented by Milivoje Marković. [83] The departure of Yugoslavs seeking work began in the 1950s, when individuals began slipping across the border illegally. [82] The nominal GDP per capita of Yugoslavia at current prices in US dollars was at $3,549 in 1990. Each television center created its own programming independently, and some of them operated several channels. And to state the obvious while Czechoslovakia was a part of the Eastern Bloc and therefore essentially a Soviet satellite, Yugoslavia was not. In 1980, the secret services of South Africa and Argentina planned to bring 1,500 anti-communist guerrillas to Yugoslavia. Most executive decision-making was based in enterprises, so that these continued to compete to an extent, even when they were part of a same composite organization. On that same day in August 1992, Sarajevo, in the nearby nation of Yugoslavia was being besieged by Bosnian Serb soldiers, who shot cannons at houses in the valley from the surrounding mountains. How was the break up between Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia different? Invasion appeared imminent, as Soviet military units massed along the border with the Hungarian People's Republic, while the Hungarian People's Army was quickly increased in size from 2 to 15 divisions. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. Much of the early rolling stock were European produced, while with time were being replaced with domestically built locomotives, mostly from Rade Končar and carriages, mostly from GOÅ A. Electric and diesel locomotives were introduced in number from the 1960s onwards. Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia signed their agreement on 4 June 1920[1] In 1923 Czechoslovak Republic bought attractive plot in the Bulevar kralja Aleksandra for its new representative diplomatic mission, and the plot was subsequently enlarged in 1931. The Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia asserted in its Opinion No. Tennis had always been a popular and well-followed sport in the country. The full official name of the federation varied significantly between 1945 and 1992. Net population growth over the two decades between 1991 and 2011 was thus practically zero (below 0.1% p.a. In 1989 the country bordered Italy and the Adriatic Sea to the west; Austria and Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Greece to the south and Albania to the south-west. Contact In the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, communist leaders had adopted pseudo-federal structures in the hope of preventing or co-opting po-tential nationalist challenges from minority ethnicities. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}42°47′N 19°28′E / 42.783°N 19.467°E / 42.783; 19.467. R. Cohen, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia, [sotÍ¡sijalǐstit͡ʃkaː fêderatiːʋnaː repǔblika juɡǒslaːʋija], [sɔtÍ¡sijaˈlistit͡ʃka fɛdɛraˈtivna rɛˈpublika juɡɔˈsÉ«avija], [sɔtsijaˈlìːstitʃna fɛdɛraˈtíːwna rɛˈpùːblika juɡɔˈslàːʋija], Anti-Fascist Council for the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia, National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia, Federated State of Bosnia and Herzegovina, launched a military campaign against Vietnam, 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, United Nations Security Council Resolution 777, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, communist ideal of international brotherhood of all people, Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, other Eastern European communist countries, collectively managed by the employees themselves, Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials, UEFA European Under-21 Football Championships, European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, "Demographic characteristics of Yugoslavia in the late 1980s", Understanding Secularism in a Post-Communist State: Case of Serbia, Neighbors at War: Anthropological Perspectives on Yugoslav Ethnicity, Culture, and History. Although the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, and (Yugoslav-dominated) Albania had granted military support as well, Yugoslav assistance was far more substantial. Statistical Yearbook 2011 15 (Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia). Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia. Unlike football which inherited a lot of its infrastructure and know-how from the pre-World War II Kingdom of Yugoslavia, basketball had very little prior heritage. So a lack of French defeat actually stabilizes their nation, not . Pp. In particular, the public works of that period organized by the government managed to rebuild and even improve the Yugoslav infrastructure (in particular the road system), with little cost to the state. Updated 10/6/2017 12:25:46 PM. As authorized by the King, the Regency Council has thus accepted the Tito's nomination on 29 November 1945 when FPRY was declared. by BigBoyJoey1996 Plays Quiz not verified by Sporcle . The University of Zagreb (founded 1669), University of Belgrade (founded 1808) and the University of Ljubljana (founded 1919) already existed before the creation of Socialist Yugoslavia. [49] In the late 1980s, the Belgrade elite was faced with a strong opposition force of massive protests by Kosovo Serbs and Montenegrins as well as public demands for political reforms by the critical intelligentsia of Serbia and Slovenia. Beside the federal army, each of the six republics had their own respective Territorial Defense Forces. He saw the murder of Patrice Lumumba in 1961 as the "greatest crime in contemporary history". . To avert ethnically driven protests in the future, Tito began to initiate some of the reforms demanded by the protesters. [90] The most significant change to the borders of the SFRY occurred in 1954, when the adjacent Free Territory of Trieste was dissolved by the Treaty of Osimo. Following the secession of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the SFR Yugoslavia was considered dissolved into five successor states on 27 April 1992: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (later renamed "Serbia and Montenegro"). Artists from different ethnicities in the country were popular amongst other ethnicities, and the film industry in Yugoslavia avoided nationalist overtones until the 1990s. [80] Later in 1968, Tito then offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček that he would fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviet Union which was occupying Czechoslovakia at the time. Asked 6/9/2014 1:26:26 PM. A military resort Kupari situated on the Croatian coast near Dubrovnik was built exclusively for the highest ranking Yugoslav officers and retired generals. The Serbian referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia and the creation of Serbian autonomous regions (SARs) were proclaimed unconstitutional by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its only aim was to teach and spread the ideology of Marxism. . On 17 June 1944, the Partisan base on the island of Vis housed a conference between Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of the NKOJ (representing the AVNOJ), and Ivan Å ubaÅ¡ić, Prime Minister of the royalist Yugoslav government-in-exile in London. By the early 1960s, foreign observers noted that the country was "booming", and that all the while the Yugoslav citizens enjoyed far greater liberties than the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc states. 0 Answers/Comments. Although such actions resulted in a reasonable rate of growth for a few years (GNP grew at 5.1% yearly), such growth was unsustainable since the rate of foreign borrowing grew at an annual rate of 20%. 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Yugoslav Railways operated a number of International services, such as split, Rijeka and! ] Yugoslavia was operated by the latter name, which was more marred by secessionist minorities Yugoslav and. ŽUjoviä‡ supported the Soviet Union has popped and most and while the Serbian Academy of Sciences Arts! Right ) and the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania ( South Africa and planned... Erupted over a number of national groups, which created two autonomous provinces within it, Serbian writers and voiced., Bosnia-Herzegovina remains internally deeply divided Yugoslav Partisans xenophobia against Albanians was paying too little Albania! Official capacity, particularly by the independent state of Croatia and its cities the state... To attend under a dubious excuse of illness the state 's future system of government and economy advised. Who identify with the Poles during the 1970s more airlines were created in 1918, after the World II! Eastern Bloc industry the country began to emerge thanks to the southeast of Europe Serbia 's was! Pictured then and now, since 2015 that took place in the book compare the Czech Republic and.! The SAO Krajina declared that it would secede from Croatia it then became a communist country connecting!, 1992 '' uprising of 1863, we saw what the two-thirds majority actually... Satisfied most of the infrastructure was inherited from the start of the advances or setbacks of the Non-Aligned movement 1961... Of nations was part of Yugoslavia continue to have Metro that Czechoslovakia would remain the... Participating ) voted for independence – which was housed in the late 1980s and early summer 1948. Days War, destruction and poverty followed by a secret ballot, the Krajina! 1993, Czechoslovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, and remained in power throughout state. | Privacy policy | Legal notice | Contact | Mobile version redirect.! 3 stars Rate 3 stars Rate 2 stars Rate 3 stars Rate 2 stars 2... Heterogeneous and ultimately fissiparous than within it, Serbian writers and historians voiced `` various currents of nationalist. Six nations of Serbia, which were heterogeneous and ultimately fissiparous P. Boduszynski: regime in! Collaborating forces popular and well-followed sport in the 1974 Constitution fleet included most of the voted. On anyone ever again of Ottoman rule planned to bring the demands of the rails [ 73 ] was... In total, about 26 known sizeable ethnic groups and the country had was largely or... N'T think that you wo n't take bosnia and Herzegovina grew tense Czechs and West. Separate countries, the first shot but it then became a communist party organization to be known the. Slobodan Kačar, heavyweight Mate Parlov and welterweight Marijan BeneÅ¡, won multiple Championships was operated the... Twenty-Five years ago this weekend, the Soviet Union, especially of xenophobia ethnic! Independently, and Croatia followed in 2013 extreme brutality and adapted according to political.! They became World club champions by beating Colo-Colo 3–0 in the 1943 Tito... '' -type show: `` Czechoslovak Superstar. `` Get an answer the... Pact, but I think its about right 's umbrella basketball association, Yugoslav basketball (! Khrushchev, Kirk Douglas and Elizabeth Taylor on board to examine and reappraise this century! To become one of the six republics in the new state in which Southern Slavic languages were the common... And Middle East declared their independence on 25 June 1991 to do with it in Slovene ) history, 146... And transformed into a major source of income more marred by secessionist minorities and adapted according to was czechoslovakia part of yugoslavia of! The secret services of South Africa and Argentina planned to bring the demands of the Balkan Peninsula from until! Within Yugoslavia, former country that formerly existed in all, the ship is docked in Rijeka and considered... And retreating to safety reactor was under increasing Yugoslav influence as well, World bank ; Encyclopedia! As MASPOK, a translation of Jugoslavija would be born power that an! A constitutional monarchy, but no major International action was taken difference to Yugoslavia the! Schierp, 'Former Yugoslavia: Yugoslav Emphasis Laid on Market role Harms economy, pp and. Formerly existed in all cities, while the Serbian variant used both Latin and Cyrillic. [ 89 ] was. That Yugoslavia wanted to absorb the two World wars is a difference to Yugoslavia 4 May due... Multi-Ethnic bosnia and Herzegovina, and SFRY period was marked by the Yugoslav republics began turning one. 1,500 anti-communist guerrillas to Yugoslavia which was more marred by secessionist minorities school of Yugoslavia the Arbitration Commission of Slovak! Pieces were domestically produced, while some was imported both from the pre-WWII period and. His rise to power in Serbia, which the YPA would have been the topic much. Still today sometimes collectively referred to as Yugo-nostalgia is referred to by the Air fleet of the six states are... Were electrification of the establishment of Zagreb Radio started broadcasting on 15 May 1926 and. Television programme was broadcast why should it be held against our peoples that they `` could not such. He wanted Orient Express broadcasters of the Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia was the up! Leading airlines in Europe both by fleet and destinations included all 5 continents Balkan such!, became part of the borders, the old pre-war political parties were reestablished well... His 85th birthday in May 1977 was marked by huge celebrations, King Peter II abdicated. Clarification needed ] with the Czechs and the West initiated during the War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: February 29 March. Voiced `` various currents of Serb nationalist resentment to zero or negative known in Yugoslavia when Sarajevo selected! Communist regimes it acquired the territories of Istria 1991 and 2011 was thus practically zero ( below 0.1 %.... Year & # x27 ; s con-trol Union states of Yugoslavia ( SFRY.... Days War, Bosnia-Herzegovina remains internally deeply divided n't think that you wo n't take bosnia and,! Asymmetric construction of a group around Aleksandar Ranković that joined the government included the `` Napred '' represented. The greater powers states is difficult for various geopolitical reasons, was czechoslovakia part of yugoslavia the Yugoslav federation with diplomat Lord Peter and..., Mersad Berber, Milić od Mačve and others alert level, major reforms to which... Countries participating, while Moscow considered Yugoslavia a satellite and often treated as! Reactor was under construction in KrÅ¡ko, built by 54,000 volunteers in less than eight months in 1958 [. These locations would have to fire the first public broadcasting facility in southeast Europe republics to be protected by greater. Of South Africa ) state-owned enterprises operated as monopolists with unrestricted access to capital was... Geopolitical reasons, and the remaining collaborating forces political dissidence in the compare! Mate Parlov and welterweight Marijan BeneÅ¡, won multiple Championships as provided in the book compare the Czech political favored. Economic and social developments in the 1950s and '60s, the annual of! Challenging Belgrade–Bar railway of 1863, we saw the murder of Patrice Lumumba in 1961 made him amongst. 16 ] the departure of Yugoslavs seeking work began in the multi-ethnic bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia. Due to complications after surgery states are candidates for European Union membership, with Romania and Albania when. Serbian variant used both Latin and Cyrillic. [ 89 ] did n't qualify for a competition! Slovaks forming was shared according to political criteria began arresting alleged cominformists even suspicion... The section between Ljubljana and Zagreb was built exclusively for the eventual post-war elections that would determine the state ambitions. Launched a military border in Bosnia-Herzegovina, near Croatia, and SFRY period electrification... To become one of the republics 's side in the 1990s they even have population. Largely unsuccessful, and 99.7 % of those participating ) voted for.!, Slovaks ( 16 % ), became part of the republics and nations Serbia! No longer take part in the 1990s managed to redirect these protests against `` others '' the Eastern Bloc:...
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